The allegory was intended primarily as attack against the Whigs, their foreign policy and their financiers who were profiting from the war. In this satirical treatment of the War of the Spanish Succession, John Bull brings a lawsuit against various figures intended to represent the kings of France (Louis Baboon) and Spain (Lord Strutt), as well as institutions both foreign and domestic. The same year Arbuthnot published a four-part political narrative The History of John Bull. Bull first appeared in 1712 in Arbuthnot's pamphlet Law is a Bottomless Pit. John Bull originated as a satirical character created by John Arbuthnot, a friend of Jonathan Swift and Alexander Pope. An earlier John Bull in which he is depicted as an actual humanoid bull.
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